So, when Indonesia became independent in August 1945, Lubis, who was 19 yrs previous when he was recruited for intelligence school, became one of many Indonesian ex-Japanese militaries who experienced more battle intelligence knowledge than anyone in Indonesia. This new region required an intelligence capacity to protect its independence, and https://suaramerdeka.biz/2025/03/23/reformasi-intelijen-indonesia-pemahaman-lebih-dalam-tentang-pengawasan-yang-akuntabel/